Estate Planning for Stroke Victims & Guardianship of Disabled Adults

Estate Planning for Stroke Victims & Guardianship of Disabled Adults

Compiled by Kenneth Vercammen, Past Vice-Chair, American Bar Association Elder Law Committee, GP Section
If someone suffers a stroke, but is competent, it is recommended that a Power of Attorney be prepared by an attorney to permit a family member to help the stroke patient by paying bills and handling finances. Generally, many attorneys will require: 1. A note from the Doctor indicating the person is competent to sign a Power of Attorney [and Will if the Will has not yet been prepared]. 2. The client [stroke victim, not a family member] to specifically advise the attorney the specific person they want to appoint to handle their financial affairs. [The attorney cannot rely on a family member saying what the client/ patient wants.]

Prior to an individual being unable to manage his or her life as a result of a mental or physical disability, legal planning should be done. If a legally prepared Power of Attorney was signed, a trusted family member, friend or professional can legally act on that person's affairs. If a Power of Attorney was not signed, we will only prepare a Power of Attorney for a "competent person". If, after a stroke, the person is not competent, an attorney may be retained to file a formal complaint and other legal pleadings in the Superior Court to permit the trusted family member, friend, or professional to handle financial affairs. This is called a Guardianship.

ANNOUNCING HOME & HOSPITAL VISITS IN ELDER LAW CASES

A new service from our office is the availability of Home and Hospital visits. Timely advice and planning is important. Often people cannot travel to our office to sign Wills, Powers of Attorney, Living Wills, and other legal documents. We can help by traveling to homes, hospitals, senior centers, retirement villages, and nursing homes. For people under doctors care, we require a note from the doctor be obtained indicating that the person is competent to sign these documents, to ensure that the person's wishes are less likely to be contested in the future. The minimum fee for a hospital or home visit is $500 in Middlesex County.

What is a Power of Attorney?

A Power of Attorney is a written document in which a competent adult individual (the "principal") appoints another competent adult individual (the "attorney-in-fact") to act on the principal's behalf. In general, an attorney-in-fact may perform any legal function or task which the principal has a legal right to do for him/herself. Therefore, the doctor often must determine if the stroke patient is competent to sign a Power of Attorney.

The term "durable" in reference to a Power of Attorney means that the power remains in force for the lifetime of the principal, even if he/she becomes mentally incapacitated. A principal may cancel a Power of Attorney at any time for any reason. Powers granted on a Power of Attorney document can be very broad or very narrow in accordance with the needs of the principal.

Why is Power of Attorney so important?

Every adult has day-to-day affairs to manage, such as paying the bills. Many people are under the impression that in the event of catastrophic illness or injury, a spouse or child can automatically act for them. Unfortunately, this is often wrong, even when joint ownership situations exist.

The lack of a properly prepared and executed Power of Attorney can cause extreme difficulties when an individual is stricken with severe illness or injury rendering him/her unable to make decisions or manage financial and medical affairs. New Jersey has legal procedures, guardianships, or conservatorships, to provide for appointment of a Guardian. These require formal proceedings and are expensive in court. This means the requirement of lawyers to prepare and file the necessary papers and doctors to provide medical certifications or testimony regarding the mental incapacity of the subject of the action. The procedures also require the involvement of a temporary guardian to investigate, and even intercede, in surrogate proceedings. This can be slow, costly, and very frustrating.

Advance preparation of the Power of Attorney can avoid the inconvenience and expense of legal Guardianship proceedings. This needs to be done while the principal is competent, alert, and aware of the consequences of his/her decision. Once a serious problem occurs, it is too late.

Powers of Attorney are generally given by one person to another so that if the granter of the power becomes ill or incapacitated, the Power of Attorney will permit the holder to pay the grantor's bills and to handle the grantor's affairs during the inability of the grantor to do the same.

Without a legal Power of Attorney or court ordered guardianship, even a spouse does not have the legal authority to sign their spouse's signature. If a valid Power of Attorney is not legally prepared, signed and acknowledged in front of an attorney or notary, it is invalid. Without a Power of Attorney, a Guardianship Order and Judgment must be obtained from the Superior Court to permit complete legal decision making.

According to Disability Law, A Legal Primer published by the New Jersey State Bar Association, "A guardian is a person appointed by a court to make financial and personal decisions for a person proven to be a legally incompetent/ incapacitated person." p11

1. When is a guardian needed?

A guardian is needed when an individual can not manage his or her life as a result of a mental or physical disability, alcohol or drug addiction. The person for whom a guardian is appointed is called a "ward". Disability Law at p11.

Legislation (P.L. 1997, c 379) changed the designation of "mental incompetent" to "incapacitated person" in all laws, rules, regulations and documents. New Jersey Lawyer March 23, 1998

2. What rights does a incompetent/ incapacitated person lose?

Unless a Court orders otherwise, a ward/ incompetent/ incapacitated person does not have the right to decide where to live, spend money, use property, appear in Court, or undergo medical treatment without the approval of his or her guardian. An unmarried incompetent/ incapacitated person also loses the right to marry.

3. How does somebody become the guardian of another?

Guardians are appointed by Courts after the person in need of guardianship is proven incompetent. Guardianship actions can be brought under the general incompetency statute (N.J.S.A. 3B:12-25 et seq.) or under the statute dealing with people who receive services from the State Division of Developmental Disabilities. N.J.S.A.. 30:4-165.4 et seq. Guardians who are married to the incompetent/incapacitated person or are parents of an unmarried incompetent/incapacitated person can choose who will become the guardian after the guardians die and include a clause designating their successor in their Wills. Disability Laws p12. Under the general incompetency statute, a Complaint requesting Guardianship must be filed in the Superior Court, along with a detailed Affidavit by the person requesting to be Guardian detailing the assets of the incompetent/ incapacitated person, and the reasons why the incompetent/incapacitated person is no longer able to manage their affairs. Affidavits of two doctors are also needed. The Court will appoint a temporary attorney to interview the incompetent/incapacitated person and prepare a report to the Court. The court costs and legal fees often exceeds $4,000.

4. Who can be a guardian?

Generally, a close relative or a person with a close relationship to the proposed incompetent/incapacitated person who will act to protect the incompetent/incapacitated person's best interests can be guardian. When a close friend or relative is not available, the Court may appoint the Public Guardian (for persons over 60) or an Attorney to serve as guardian.

5. What are the rights of the proposed incompetent/ incapacitated person prior to hearing?

The proposed incompetent/incapacitated person is entitled to receive advance notice of the guardianship hearing, to be represented by a lawyer, and to present a defense at the hearing.

6. Is court approval required to sell real estate if someone is declared incompetent/incapacitated?

Yes. Your attorney can discuss transferring certain assets to qualify for Medicaid.

Elder law articles are available on the website www.njlaws.com

To schedule a consultation regarding Estate Planning for Stroke patients or Guardianship of Adults, call the Law Office of Kenneth Vercammen, Esq. at (732) 572-0500 in Edison, N.J.

Kenneth A. Vercammen is a Middlesex County trial attorney who has published 130 articles in both national and New Jersey publications on Elder Law and litigation topics. He has spoken on Wills and Elder law on numerous occasions to the Adult Community Schools in Metuchen, Sayreville, Old Bridge, South Brunswick and Edison/Clara Barton Seniors and Perth Amboy Seniors. He is the past Vice Chair of the American Bar Association Elder Law Committee, General Practice Section. He often lectures to trial lawyers of the American Bar Association, New Jersey State Bar Association, and Middlesex County Bar Association.

ANNOUNCING HOME & HOSPITAL VISITS IN ELDER LAW CASES

A new service from our office is the availability of Home and Hospital visits. Timely advice and planning is important. Often people cannot travel to our office to sign Wills, Powers of Attorney, Living Wills, and other legal documents. We can help by traveling to homes, hospitals, senior centers, retirement villages, and nursing homes. For people under a doctor's care, we require a note from the doctor be obtained indicating the person is competent to sign these documents. This ensures the person's wishes are less likely to be contested in the future. The minimum fee for a hospital or home visit is $500 in Middlesex County.






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Kenneth Vercammen is the Managing Attorney at Kenneth Vercammen & Associates in Edison, NJ. He is a New Jersey trial attorney has devoted a substantial portion of his professional time to the preparation and trial of litigated matters. He has appears in Courts throughout New Jersey each week for litigation and contested Probate hearings.

Mr. Vercammen has published over 125 legal articles in national and New Jersey publications on elder law, probate and litigation topics. He is a highly regarded lecturer on litigation issues for the American Bar Association, NJ ICLE, New Jersey State Bar Association and Middlesex County Bar Association. His articles have been published in noted publications included New Jersey Law Journal, ABA Law Practice Management Magazine, and New Jersey Lawyer.

He is chair of the Elder Law Committee of the American Bar Association General Practice Division. He is also Editor of the ABA Estate Planning Probate Committee Newsletter and also the Criminal Law Committee newsletter. Mr. Vercammen is a recipient of the NJSBA- YLD Service to the Bar Award. And past Winner "General Practice Attorney of the Year" from the NJ State Bar Association. He is a 22 year active member of the American Bar Association. He is also a member of the ABA Real Property, Probate & Trust Section.

He established the NJlaws website www.njlaws.com which includes many articles on Elder Law. Mr. Vercammen received his B.S., cum laude, from the University of Scranton and his J.D. from Widener/Delaware Law School, where he was the Case Note Editor of the Delaware Law Forum, a member of the Law Review and the winner of the Delaware Trial Competition.

RECENT SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS ON WILLS, ELDER LAW, AND PROBATE

Edison Adult School -Wills, Elder Law & Probate- 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 [inc Edison TV], 2001, 2000,1999,1998,1997
Nuts & Bolts of Elder Law - NJ Institute for Continuing Legal Education/ NJ State Bar ICLE/NJSBA 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2000, 1999, 1996
Elder Law and Estate Planning- American Bar Association Miami 2007
Elder Law Practice, New Ethical Ideas to Improve Your Practice by Giving Clients What They Want and Need American Bar Association Hawaii 2006
South Plainfield Seniors- New Probate Law 2005, East Brunswick Seniors- New Probate Law 2005
Old Bridge AARP 2002; Guardian Angeles/ Edison 2002; St. Cecilia/ Woodbridge Seniors 2002;
East Brunswick/ Hall's Corner 2002;
Linden AARP 2002
Woodbridge Adult School -Wills and Estate Administration -2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996
Woodbridge Housing 2001; Metuchen Seniors & Metuchen TV 2001; Frigidare/ Local 401 Edison 2001; Chelsea/ East Brunswick 2001, Village Court/ Edison 2001; Old Bridge Rotary 2001; Sacred Heart/ South Amboy 2001; Livingston Manor/ New Brunswick 2001; Sunrise East Brunswick 2001; Strawberry Hill/ Woodbridge 2001;
Wills and Elder Law - Metuchen Adult School 1999,1997,1996,1995,1994,1993
Clara Barton Senior Citizens- Wills & Elder Law-Edison 2002, 1995
AARP Participating Attorney in Legal Plan for NJ AARP members 1999-2005
Senior Legal Points University of Medicine & Dentistry UMDNJ & St. Peter's-2000, 1999,1998
East Brunswick AARP Wills 2001; -Iselin/ Woodbridge AARP Wills 2000
Metuchen Reformed Church; Franklin/ Somerset/ Quailbrook Seniors 2001
North Brunswick Senior Day 2001
Wills, Elder Law and Probate-South Brunswick Adult School & Channel 28 TV 1999, 1997,1993
Wills and Estate Planning-Old Bridge Adult School 1998,1997,1995
Senior Citizen Law-Perth Amboy YMHA 1995; Temple Beth Or 2002;
Wills, Living Wills and Probate-Spotswood Community School 1995,1994,1993
Wills and Probate-Sayreville Adult School 1997, 1996,1995,1994
Living Wills-New Jersey State Bar Foundation and St. Demetrius, Carteret 1994
Wills and Estate Planning-Edison Elks and Senior Citizens January 1994
"Legal Questions Clinic" Metuchen Adult School March 1995,1994,1993
Estate Planning to Protect Families-Metuchen Chamber of Commerce April 1993
BUSINESS AND AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS:
Improving Your Elder Law & Estate Practice San Francisco, CA 2007
Elder Law and Estate Planning- ABA Miami 2007
Elder Law Practice, New Ethical Ideas to Improve Your Practice by Giving Clients What They Want and Need ABA Hawaii 2006
Marketing Success Stories ABA Toronto 1998
Opening a Business-Sayreville Adult School 1997,1996,1995
Olympians of Marketing- ABA Annual Meeting-Orlando, Florida 1996

Contact the Law Office of
Kenneth Vercammen & Associates, P.C.
at 732-572-0500
for an appointment.

The Law Office cannot provide legal advice or answer legal questions over the phone or by email. Please call the Law office and schedule a confidential "in office" consultation.